Prevalence of Pregnancy Outcomes among Reproductive Age Women Following Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Treatment in Zambia
Victoria Mwiinga-Kalusopa.
Background: This study determined the prevalence of pregnancy outcomes among reproductive-age women following Cervical Intraepithelial neoplasia treatment in Zambia.
Methods: In this descriptive study, prevalence was estimated using records of 8,000 women ages of 15 and 49 who received treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia at the Adult Infectious Disease Control Centre between January 2010 and December 2020 or were human papilloma virus negative after visual inspection acetic acid. STATA version 16 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive analysis determined the frequency distribution and estimated the prevalence of the desired outcomes. The associations were established at 95% confidence intervals by Fisher’s exact test and chi-square analysis.
Results: Overall, across the two groups combined, 28% of the respondents developed adverse pregnancy outcomes. Normal pregnancy outcomes were less in the treated group (60.8% vs 83.1%) after determining prevalence for each group. The treated group had a higher prevalence of abortions (19.6% vs. 6.7%) and prolonged labor (16.5% vs. 6.3%) compared to the untreated group. In comparison, the untreated group accounted for a higher prevalence of prematurity, 108 (2.7% vs 3.1%), and stillbirths, 18 (0.5% vs 0.9). Thermal ablation accounted for the majority of APOs (82%), LEEP (49.9%), and Cryotherapy (16.1%).
Conclusions: The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was high. The common adverse pregnancy outcomes were abortion and prolonged labor. Treatments like cryotherapy, thermal ablation, and LEEP may affect cervical integrity differently, leading to varied pregnancy outcomes. Recognizing the increased risk of APOs associated with CIN treatment could significantly influence clinical practices related to colposcopy and antenatal care.
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